View Full Version : Hong Kong Stonecutters Bridge-- longest span cable-stayed bridges
Aboveday
June 6th, 2005, 12:26 PM
http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/major/majorworks/sb/images/scb_5.jpg
June 5, 2005
Development
On track to the future
Works on the Route 8 expressway are progressing well with the first segment of the Stonecutter's Bridge steel deck due to be lifted into place by the end of next year.
The 15km route will stretch from Sha Tin to Tsing Yi, and at $15 billion is one of the Highways Department's largest and most challenging projects. In terms of cost and complexity, it is very similar to the roads that were constructed for the new airport on Chek Lap Kok, department Deputy Project Manager (Major Works) David English said.
2 stages
The dual three-lane expressway will be completed in two stages - Stage 1 between Sha Tin and Cheung Sha Wan will open to traffic in mid-2007, while Stage 2 from Cheung Sha Wan to Tsing Yi will be ready by mid-2008.
It is being constructed under seven civil engineering contracts together with a traffic control and surveillance system contract. It will provide full traffic control for the whole route from a centralised control room. The Civil Engineering & Development Department is constructing the vital T3 connecting section of the expressway in Tai Wai under a separate contract.
Mr English said: "On completion of Route 8 we will have erected over 8,000 concrete viaduct segments, all of which have been cast in the Mainland and shipped to Hong Kong and we will have excavated nearly 1.4 million cubic metres of rock, enough to fill Hong Kong's biggest building the International Finance Centre, to build 4km of tunnels."
Alternate route
Writing in the department's latest newsletter, Mr English said the strategic route will offer an alternative for residents in the northeast New Territories to get to the airport and the northwest New Territories, and for container vehicles to access container ports thereby relieving traffic congestion at the Lion Rock and Shing Mun Tunnels, and on Tai Po Road.
He said Stage 1 works, comprising three contracts - the Lai Chi Kok Viaduct, the Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel - started in November 2002. The department achieved a milestone tunnel breakthrough for the Sha Tin Heights Tunnel, and the breakthrough for the 2km long Eagle's Nest tunnel is forecast for mid-2005.
About 100 pre-cast segments for the Lai Chi Kok Viaduct have already been erected by crane, and full erection is underway, using a 180-metre long gantry that places concrete segments up to 3.5 metres high and weighing up to 100 tonnes each.
On Stage 2, Mr English said works on the 1.2km Nam Wan Tunnel have been running smoothly, and are 55% complete. The first tube breakthrough was achieved in February and the second in May. Works on the tunnel concrete lining are being conducted and installation of lighting and ventilation equipment will start later this year.
"The West Tsing Yi Viaduct is also making good progress, with about 80% of the bridge structures completed and connection with the Cheung Ching Highway near the Tsing Ma Bridge in progress," he added.
Centre showpiece
Mr English said the works contract for Stonecutters Bridge was awarded in May last year and the bridge will be in place by mid-2008.
With a central span of 1,018 metres, the bridge will be one of the longest span cable-stayed bridges in the world, beating Tatara Bridge in Japan, the present record holder, by 130 metres.
"The deck will be suspended by cables from two towers nearly 300 metres in height, the same as Central Plaza in Wan Chai. The top section will be clad in stainless steel, which will be a world first."
Piling for the eastern backspan, comprising four piers and the east tower, has been completed, while piling for the western backspan and west tower is in progress.
The steel wire material for the stay cables is being made in Japan and is ready for delivery to its fabrication yard in Jiangyin in Jiangsu Province. The first segment of the steel deck is now being made in the Shanhaiguan fabrication yard, near the Great Wall's eastern entrance. The fabricated steel will then be shipped to Dongguan for assembly, before being delivered to Hong Kong for erection.
Mr English said the bridge will take four years to build, and the first segment is scheduled to be lifted into place at end-2006.
"The bridge is more than an engineering feat in which our engineers will no doubt take pride. It will also be a defining piece of architecture for Hong Kong and a reflection of the confidence of this world city to rise to the challenges of the new millennium. We look forward to the delivery of this strategically important project in mid-2008."
http://www.info.gov.hk/yearbook/2001/photo/ep08-07.jpg
Aboveday
June 6th, 2005, 12:28 PM
http://www.arup.com/lighting/images/stonecutters1_416.gif
External lighting design by Arup
Aboveday
June 6th, 2005, 12:32 PM
http://www.maunsell.aecom.com/media/4217.jpg
Aboveday
June 6th, 2005, 12:33 PM
http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/stonecutters/images/image1.jpg
null
June 6th, 2005, 01:27 PM
looks very gross
Syd-Hk
June 6th, 2005, 02:17 PM
if you take KCR towards taiwai station from kln tong you can see overpasses being built over the railway line and the enterance of the tunnel's it's pretty a big project.
The interchange in the picture above is partly completed, around 50%. That was what i saw about 2 months ago, im not sure now.
bs_lover_boy
June 7th, 2005, 02:23 AM
Any Pics on the construction?
scorpion
June 8th, 2005, 02:11 AM
i differ with you there null~
Stonecutters'll be a beauty both night and day!! :cool:
bs_lover_boy
June 9th, 2005, 01:15 AM
OH yea, the lighting at top of the bridge might be able to change colours like the center.
hkskyline
October 22nd, 2005, 11:34 AM
October 16, 2005
Government Press Release
Steel-concrete towers make bridge unique
http://www.news.gov.hk/en/category/infrastructureandlogistics/051014/features/html/051012p061jpg.jpg
On track: A bird's-eye view of Stonecutters Bridge's East Tower pile cap
Its steel-concrete towers will make Stonecutters Bridge unique in the world, with the last main span deck to be lifted in the first quarter of 2008, Highways Department Chief Engineer Michael Hui says.
Stonecutters Bridge, straddling Rambler Channel with a main span of 1,018 metres, is a key feature of Route 8 connecting Sha Tin and Tsing Yi. Other features of the 13.6km-long route include three tunnels, with lengths ranging from 1km to 2.1km.
World's longest bridge span
Mr Hui tells news.gov.hk that Route 8 is technically comparable to highway projects under the Airport Core Programme, although it is smaller in scale.
"In terms of road length, projects under the Airport Core Programme reached 34km, while Route 8 is only 13.6km. However, Route 8 includes one long-span cable-stayed bridge, Nam Wan Tunnel, Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel, making it comparable to the Airport Core Programme which comprises the Lantau Link, Cheung Tsing Tunnel and Western Harbour Crossing.
"When compared with cable-stayed bridges - Ting Kau Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge - in Hong Kong, the construction of Stonecutters Bridge will be more challenging as its main span will measure about 1,018 metres, one of the world's longest."
Mr Hui pointed out Stonecutters Bridge's two circular tapered mono-towers will reach a height of almost 300 metres - only 100 metres lower than Two ifc, the tallest building in Hong Kong. Maintenance gantries will be installed on top of the towers to provide inspection access.
Steel-concrete composite structure
Another unique feature of the bridge towers is their composite structure. The top 118-metre steel 'skin' creates a modern look for the bridge, echoing Hong Kong's unique position as one of the most cosmopolitan and vibrant cities in Asia, Mr Hui said.
Straddling Rambler Channel at the entrance to the busy Kwai Chung Container Port, Stonecutters Bridge will have a clearance height and width of 73.5 metres and 900 metres for the passage of super container vessels. It will use 224 stay cables, weighing 7,000 tonnes, the longest one stretching 540 metres. They will radiate like a fan from the tower to the deck.
To ensure safe and smooth marine traffic during the bridge's construction, Mr Hui said a marine traffic liaison group has been set up with representatives from the contractor, container terminal operators and relevant Government departments.
Smooth marine traffic assured
"The contractor has to make reference to vessel schedules, weather and current before deciding when to lift the bridge decks over Rambler Channel. The first deck will be lifted over the sea in mid-2007. The last deck will be erected in the first quarter of 2008, closing the bridge gap. Each deck will weigh about 500 tonnes."
Taking part in the project for years, Mr Hui said the most challenging event he has experienced so far was the international design competition held in 2000, in which a winning design was chosen as the reference scheme and was developed during the detailed design stage.
"It was the first time the Government held such a contest. Therefore we had to sort out everything ourselves, from poster design to inviting adjudicators. While the work pressure was very heavy, it was a challenging task. After the event, we prepared a design competition memorandum which has become a useful reference within the Government.
"The Mainland has also made reference to Hong Kong and held contests to get the best designs for bridge projects, such as the Sutong Bridge in Jiangsu and the Third Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge," he said.
Another big challenge to come
Mr Hui expected another big challenge in 2008, the moment before the last bridge deck is lifted.
"Unlike vehicular flyovers which are rigid in appearance, cable-stayed bridges are more flexible and will be subject to vibration when the wind blows. As a cantilevering construction method will be deployed, the arms will be built out piece by piece from the bridge towers until the halves meet.
"Therefore, the bridge will be the most flexible before the last bridge deck is erected to connect the arms. This will also be the most critical moment for us. We will devise measures to keep the level of vibration to the minimum."
Works on Stonecutters Bridge, at a cost of $2.76 billion, started in April last year and are scheduled to end in mid-2008.
vincent
November 5th, 2005, 03:00 AM
great update
FM 2258
November 5th, 2005, 04:19 AM
looks very gross
I agree. There's something that looks weird about cable stayed bridges. Suspension bridges look much more elegant. Maybe this will look better in real life though. It looks very ugly in the renedering.
TYW
November 5th, 2005, 05:11 AM
wow!! it looks HUGE!!
OREO
November 9th, 2005, 08:28 PM
Any updates?
Powderhouse
March 10th, 2006, 09:12 PM
Any updates? Pictures?
Rachmaninov
May 27th, 2006, 04:41 PM
Updates?
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 03:13 AM
Update for May,2006 of the Stonecutters Bridge
http://www.arup.com.hk/stonecutters/route9big2.gif
The Location of this bridge
http://www.arup.com.hk/stonecutters/bighkmap.gif
A bigger maps of the bridge's location
http://www.arup.com.hk/stonecutters/bigskyview.gif
Another Skyview of the Bridge plan
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 03:18 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu0.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu2.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/oversubmenu2b.gif
http://www.news.gov.hk/tc/category/infrastructureandlogistics/051014/features/html/051012p062jpg.jpg
A clear side view
http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/major/majorworks/sb/doc/hy200226.pdf
A very detail information for the whole project
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 03:30 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu0.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu2.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge1b.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge2a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge3a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge4a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge5a.jpg
East Back Span
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_01s.jpg06EB51 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_01.jpg) General view
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_02s.jpg06EB52 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_02.jpg) Pier 1E – crosshead falsework
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_03s.jpg06EB53 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_03.jpg) Pier 1E – fixing of reinforcement in progress
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_04s.jpg06EB54 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_04.jpg) Pier 2E – crosshead falsework
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 03:35 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu0.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu2.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge1a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge2b.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge3a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge4a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge5a.jpg
East Tower
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_01s.jpg06ET51 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_01.jpg) General view
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_02s.jpg06ET52 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_02.jpg) General view
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_03s.jpg06ET53 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_03.jpg) Reinforcement fixing in progress
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_04s.jpg06ET54 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_04.jpg) Reinforcement fixing in progress
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 03:37 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu0.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu2.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge1a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge2a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge3b.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge4a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge5a.jpg
Main Span
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_01s.jpg06MS51 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_01.jpg) Assembly of deck segment in progress
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_02s.jpg06MS52 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_02.jpg) Fabrication of anchor box in progress
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_03s.jpg06MS53 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_03.jpg) Fabrication of diaphragm panel in progress
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_04s.jpg06MS54 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ms_04.jpg) Fabrication of stainless steel skin in progress
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 03:49 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu0.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu2.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge1a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge2a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge3a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge4b.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge5a.jpg
West Tower
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_01s.jpg06WT51 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_01.jpg) General view
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_02s.jpg06WT52 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_02.jpg) Assembly of exterior tower platform in progress
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_03s.jpg06WT53 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_03.jpg) Concreting for pile cap completed
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_04s.jpg06WT54 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_04.jpg) Concreting for pile cap completed
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 03:53 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu0.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu2.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge1a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge2a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge3a.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge4A.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/bridge5B.jpg
West Back Span
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_01s.jpg06WB51 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_01.jpg) General view
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_02s.jpg06WB52 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_02.jpg) General view
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_03s.jpg06WB53 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_03.jpg) Erection of 3rd layer steel bracing completed
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_04s.jpg06WB54 Screen Size Image (http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_04.jpg) Erection of 3rd layer steel bracing completed
Ar3Man
May 31st, 2006, 04:12 AM
Design Considerations
(a) Design Competition - An international design competition organized by Highways Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) was held in 2000. The winning design was highly praised for its aesthetic merits. It is a bold yet simple scheme. The winning design concept was chosen as the Reference Scheme (RS), and further developed during the detailed design stage.
Wind tunnel tests were also carried out to investigate the susceptibility of stay cables to rain-wind induced vibrations and verify the effectiveness of various mitigation measures in minimising such rain-wind induced phenomenon.
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic01.jpg
(b) Wind Tunnel Tests – As with the design of all long span bridges, aerodynamic considerations require extensive analysis and wind tunnel testing was carried out as follows:
1:80 Standard Section Model Tests
These tests were carried out to investigate the vortex shedding response and steady wind load coefficients of the deck section. The effect of guide vanes and variations in girder edge geometry were also investigated. The tests were conducted by the Danish Maritime Institute.
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic03.jpg
1:20 Section Model Tests
The purpose of these tests was to verify the aerodynamic performance of the deck section determined from the 1:80 standard section model tests. By modelling the deck section in a larger scale a more accurate shape and position of the guide vanes was determined. The tests were carried out at the National Research Council in Canada .
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic04.jpg
Full Aeroelastic Tower Model Tests
The purpose of these tests was to investigate the tower's vortex shedding response and to determine the measures necessary to reduce the response to acceptable levels to minimise the risk of cable vibrations. A 1:100 full aeroelastic tower model was constructed to study the response of the tower under various wind conditions. The tests were carried out in Denmark .
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic05.jpg
Stay-Cable Testing
The stay-cable will be subject to the effects of wind and rain and will affect the bridge in two ways:
- The drag load coefficient of the cables will be directly reflected in the horizontal load carrying capacity of the bridge.
- Large amplitude oscillations induced by the combined effect of wind and rain may introduce wear and fatigue damage to cable attachments and cause concern to motorists travelling on the bridge.
- Wind tunnel tests were carried out to investigate the susceptibility of stay cables to rain-wind induced vibrations and verify the effectiveness of various mitigation measures in minimising such rain-wind induced phenomenon
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic06.jpg
Full Aeroelastic Bridge Model Testing
The Full Aeroelastic Bridge Model Tests were carried out to measure the buffeting response to turbulent wind and susceptibility to aeroelastic flutter and galloping instabilities of the bridge. Measurements in the service condition and in selected construction stages with topographic proximity were carried out in Monash University in Melbourne , Australia .
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic07.jpg
(c) Turbulence Intensity Measurement - As part of the design of the Stonecutters Bridge one of the key considerations was the wind loading to which the bridge is exposed. In order to ascertain the loading, the wind climate at the bridge site was thoroughly investigated by means of wind tunnel tests and site measurement.
It was necessary to develop site-specific wind loading for the structural design of Stonecutters Bridge . To achieve this, field measurements were carried out to collect information on the wind speed, wind profile and wind turbulence at the CT8 side. Terrain model wind tunnel tests were carried out to complement the field measurements and to extend the coverage to include the CT9 side and the areas in between.
Terrain Model Testing
The approaches to the bridge are over terrain varying from open water to mountains and built-up areas. To establish the atmospheric turbulence characteristics at the bridge site and to correlate wind data from various specific locations for different wind directions, wind tunnel terrain model tests consisting of a 1/1500 scale model of the topographical terrain surrounding Stonecutters Bridge were conducted. The terrain coverage was within approximately 9 to 10km radius from the proposed bridge site.
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic08.jpg
Field Measurement
Wind Turbulence Intensity Field measurements were carried out to measure the wind climate at the bridge site. The objective is to carry out field measurements of atmospheric wind speed, direction and turbulence in order to obtain information on the vertical mean wind profile, horizontal mean wind inclination and one-point spectra prevailing at a location near the bridge site. The fieldworks, included the construction of a 50m high mast structure and provision of anemometers, barometers, hygrometers, and thermometers at both 30m and 50m above ground. A data logger and analyser were also provided. The mast structure is located close to the future position of the tower on Container Terminal 8.
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic09.jpg
(d) Marine Aspects -
Clearance Requirements
The bridge will straddle the Rambler Channel at the entrance to the Kwai Chung Container Port. In order to allow for adequate airdraft for the passage of super container vessels of the next generation, the soffit level of the bridge is set at a minimum level of 73.5 mPD. It will make the Stonecutters Bridge deck one of the highest in the world.
Navigation Simulation Workshop
One of the critical design constraints is to ensure the passage of vessels at all times during the construction of the bridge, and most critically, during the lifting of deck units from the channel. Pilots from the Hong Kong Pilots Association Ltd (HKPA) generally guide major vessels, such as container ships, into the port. A navigation simulation workshop was held in early July 2001 for the pilots from the association to become familiar with possible restrictions during construction of the bridge. Using real time simulation software at the workshop, the pilots navigated into and out of various berths during the lifting of deck units from different locations within the channel.
Ship Impact Tests
As the tower’s foundation will be located less than 10m away from the existing seawall coping lines of Container Terminal 8 and the proposed Container Terminal 9, ship impact is a significant load scenario for the design of Stonecutters Bridge. To model the complex soil/structure interaction during impact of ship, geotechnical centrifuge model testing using a 1:200 scale model of a vessel bow and seawall within a container was adopted to carry out the centrifuge testing. The container was then put into a calibrated centrifuge and spun at a centrifugal acceleration of 200 time gravity (200g).
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic14.jpg http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic15.jpg
(e) Detailed Design - The bridge was designed using sophisticated computer software to simulate the behaviour under different loading conditions through construction and for the full service life. Each stage of the construction process was modeled, as well as the complex effects of the wind environment, potential seismic events, and the patterns of traffic loading. A global model of the full bridge was used to determine the effects caused. This was updated at key phases to reflect the latest information as the design evolved. Very detailed local finite element models were used to determine stress flows in different parts of the bridge and supplement the global results. A rigorous verification was made to confirm the safety and performance of all structural components and compliance with the statutory design standards.
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic10.jpg http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic11.jpg
(f) Design Development - The design of Stonecutters Bridge is developed from the Reference Scheme (RS) with the objective of keeping its appearance. The main changes to the RS were:
‧ Deletion of the monolithic joint between the deck and the tower to reduce the torsional moment in the tower during the full cantilevering of the bridge as well as in-service.
‧ Introduction of lateral bearings and longitudinal hydraulic buffers at the towers to cater for the horizontal wind loads and short term dynamic loading such as that from wind and seismic effects respectively.
‧ Use of parallel wire stay cables instead of locked coil cables.
‧ Change of deck cross-section shape from a fully curved soffit to a combined curve and straight soffit.
‧ Modification of the top 118m portion of the tower from a steel only cross-section to a steel-concrete composite section to provide greater stiffness and damping.
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic12.jpg
(g) Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) - A Wind And Structural Health Monitoring System will be installed in Stonecutters Bridge to monitor the response of the bridge to different loading conditions including Wind Loading, Temperature Loading, Highway Loading and Seismic Loading. Sensory System (SS) collects information on the spot and transmits the signal back to central control units for storage and analysis.
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/designconsiderations/pic13.jpg
scorpion
May 31st, 2006, 05:57 AM
incredible work, thnx Ar3Man
:)
Rachmaninov
May 31st, 2006, 01:37 PM
Simply mind-blowing!!! Thanks!!!
jpq21
June 4th, 2006, 10:09 AM
I can't believe i haven't heard of this untill now. This provide a much faster and more direct route to the airport and lighten the huge load on the current highway system. Looks massive!
cmoonflyer
June 4th, 2006, 12:07 PM
Impressive project !
bloodylepus
June 5th, 2006, 06:31 AM
A very professional update. Another impressive infrastructure project in HK with extensive international collaboration.
hkia
June 10th, 2006, 02:12 PM
I also dislike cable-stayed bridges. They are utility-looking, and lack elegence.
hkth
August 29th, 2006, 11:10 AM
From news.gov.hk:
Key route to open next year (http://news.gov.hk/en/category/infrastructureandlogistics/060825/features/html/060825en06002.htm)
hala
November 3rd, 2006, 09:32 AM
by 輝 仔 (faing) from http://hk-place.com/vp.php?board=1&id=2239-1
2006-11-02
http://posts.clementng.com/20061029/bridge01.jpg
http://posts.clementng.com/20061029/bridge02.jpg
Skybean
November 7th, 2006, 02:45 AM
Sept. 16, 2006
http://static.flickr.com/101/290405035_499964fd91_o.jpg
http://static.flickr.com/119/290290560_f2b3213126_o.jpg
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/42978996@N00/290405035
SYDNEYAHOLIC
November 18th, 2006, 12:36 PM
I love the look of this new bridge and I love cable stayed bridges
I love the way it travels over the port - pretty cool
rt_0891
December 1st, 2006, 01:36 AM
So much change has happened around Mei Foo. Last time I resided there, there was actually an oceanfront promenade by the estate. Nowadays, it's blocked by the KCR/Tung Chung/Airport Line, an expressway, Lai Chi Kok Park, the freight terminal port and Stonecutters Bridge.
gladisimo
December 11th, 2006, 03:19 PM
The bridge, if its done in white, has a touch of a "landmark" feel to it. Given the background (container ports?) I think the bridge is somewhat of a misfit. In this situation I would rather call for a "public convenience" and utility-oriented bridge, maybe a simple suspension or even a causeway? Either way though, at night, when everything else is dark, the bridge will look good on its own right.
I have mixed feelings about the bridge, the modern-ness of it contrasts to much with the industrial backdrop...
Patrick Highrise
February 7th, 2007, 12:22 AM
I saw a program here in the netherlands on discovery channel about this bridge. Very impressive, they sure got their hands full while building this bridge!
those 2 b/w pics here above are really nice. great atmosphere in them.
More and often updates on this bridge wanted please :)
hkskyline
March 1st, 2007, 05:38 PM
http://the-sun.on.cc/channels/news/20070301/img/sn14030103_big.jpg
CP Doom
March 5th, 2007, 07:19 AM
I saw a program here in the netherlands on discovery channel about this bridge. Very impressive, they sure got their hands full while building this bridge!
those 2 b/w pics here above are really nice. great atmosphere in them.
More and often updates on this bridge wanted please :)
I saw something similar & it was bloody boring. This is far more enlightening. Well done everyone for keeping us up to date. This is going to be a classy bridge.
hkskyline
April 14th, 2007, 05:08 AM
Contract Description :
Stonecutters Bridge is a 1.6 km long dual 3-lane high level cable stayed bridge, with a clear span of 1018 metres. It is a major part of the section of Route 8 between Tsing Yi and Cheung Sha Wan. The bridge will straddle the Rambler Channel at the entrance to the busy Kwai Chung Container port. It will be situated at the back-up land of the Container Terminal 8 (CT8) at the eastern side on Stonecutters Island. At the western side it will be built on the back-up land formed for Container Terminal 9 (CT9) on Tsing Yi Island. The Stonecutters Bridge when completed will be one of the longest span cable-stayed bridges in the world.
http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/major/majorworks/sb/images/scb_2.jpg
http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/major/majorworks/sb/images/scb_3.jpg
http://www.r8nscv.net/Image/p1-L.jpg
March 2007 Updates
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Mar/ebs_01.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Mar/ebs_02.jpg
Erection of deck lifting beams for north deck lifting frame
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Mar/ebs_03.jpg
Installation of temporary bowstring frames
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Mar/ebs_04.jpg
Steel fixing
Website : http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/
hkskyline
April 20th, 2007, 07:44 PM
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/20070409/IMG_1455.jpg
hkskyline
May 15th, 2007, 06:12 PM
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/20070515/IMG_3543.jpg
vincent
May 16th, 2007, 05:02 AM
You can already imagine the view avilable when driving thru this bridge, i can imagine there will be car accidents involved coz of this view...
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Mar/ebs_03.jpg
somataki
May 16th, 2007, 08:33 AM
Very nice, but isn't the longest span cable-stayed bridge in Greece?
pilotos
May 16th, 2007, 03:35 PM
Hm the suspended deck of this bridge seems to be 1.018 m while the rio antirio has a total suspended deck of 2.252 m, but i think they mean the longest span between the pylons, which in rio is 560 m.
Anyway an excellent bridge and a great presentation by the poster ;)
jkjkjk
May 16th, 2007, 05:04 PM
If you take the longest span as criterion, longest now is Tatara Bridge in Japan with 890 m. Stonecutters will be on top with 1,018 m, but not so long because Sutong Bridge with 1,088 m span is also currently under construction.
newyorkrunaway1
May 17th, 2007, 07:31 PM
amazingly beautiful!!! faboulous project that will only add to the beauty of HK
Aboveday
May 19th, 2007, 06:10 PM
4-2007
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Apr/et_01.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Apr/et_02.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_02.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_01.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_04.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Apr/wbs_01.jpg
Pax Sinica
June 4th, 2007, 09:03 PM
http://netalbum2006.netvigator.com/netalbum/photos/9585b1e661a2d0b4dea994e74f3a46aa6339632fae0725641483db61390819d7e99629ba0dfe75c398294beffb349f7c
bloodylepus
June 5th, 2007, 05:23 AM
:eek: :eek: http://netalbum2006.netvigator.com/netalbum/photos/9585b1e661a2d0b4dea994e74f3a46aa6339632fae0725641483db61390819d7e99629ba0dfe75c398294beffb349f7c
Rachmaninov
June 5th, 2007, 02:32 PM
This is extreme engineering...
EricIsHim
June 19th, 2007, 09:47 PM
This is extreme engineering...
The show "Extreme Engineering" on Discovery Channel does have an episode on the Stonecutter Bridge. :lol: :lol: :lol:
EricIsHim
June 19th, 2007, 09:52 PM
This is going to be one very uncomfortable 360 turn. :ohno: :ohno:
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Apr/wbs_01.jpg
EricIsHim
June 19th, 2007, 09:53 PM
Everything looks so extreme massive. The bride is going to stand no matter what happens to it.
And this is going to be one very uncomfortable 360 turn. :ohno: :ohno:
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/2007Apr/wbs_01.jpg
Rachmaninov
June 20th, 2007, 01:46 PM
The show "Extreme Engineering" on Discovery Channel does have an episode on the Stonecutter Bridge. :lol: :lol: :lol:
lol seriously i didn't know!!!
And i just found out that i can see this bridge from home.
gladisimo
July 3rd, 2007, 09:22 AM
03-Jul-07
Playing with my new camera :)
http://img241.imageshack.us/img241/7581/img0027yb8.jpg
vincent
July 3rd, 2007, 09:42 AM
wow, nice photos!
bloodylepus
July 4th, 2007, 03:55 AM
Splendid
Rachmaninov
July 4th, 2007, 10:35 AM
Can't wait to see it completed!!
WANCH
July 5th, 2007, 08:05 AM
I like bridges that passes through container ports while providing a nice view of the city's skyline. This is the perfect example of such one :)
hkskyline
July 5th, 2007, 08:15 AM
The bridge is part of a comprehensive highway construction plan that will ultimately link Tsing Yi with a new tunnel into Shatin. More information in the highways section : http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=338503
allan_dude
July 5th, 2007, 01:17 PM
Awesome! I love the view!
_00_deathscar
July 12th, 2007, 12:08 PM
Saw this image on SSC, although I can't remmeber where:
http://img295.imageshack.us/img295/6901/icctd5.jpg
gladisimo
July 12th, 2007, 02:30 PM
nice pic ^^
Rachmaninov
July 12th, 2007, 07:50 PM
^^ Yep!!
hkskyline
August 29th, 2007, 06:29 PM
8/26
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/20070826/IMG_0348.jpg
Cunning Linguist
August 31st, 2007, 08:02 AM
30/8/2007
http://img294.imageshack.us/img294/91/dsc0049ev8.jpg
http://img174.imageshack.us/img174/2856/dsc0050df9.jpg
http://img214.imageshack.us/img214/2248/dsc0064ha0.jpg
http://img120.imageshack.us/img120/2020/dsc0033gv2.jpg
http://img442.imageshack.us/img442/9241/stoikpanorama1ef2.jpg
EricIsHim
September 3rd, 2007, 07:12 AM
By holup from HKADB
http://www.hkadb.com/forum/files/img_8101_503.jpg
gladisimo
September 3rd, 2007, 11:25 AM
Hey I see that hotel I stayed at! ^^
EricIsHim
September 3rd, 2007, 04:54 PM
A new use for the bridge tower.
From HKADB by Superjet:
http://www.hkadb.com/forum/files/img_6217_950.jpg
superchan7
October 17th, 2007, 12:08 AM
New signage that I saw on the highways say "Ngong Shuen Chau" in English, yet the bridge is named Stonecutters' Bridge in English (Ngong Shuen Chau Bridge in Chinese).
Has someone made a mistake in the Highways Dept.?
gladisimo
October 17th, 2007, 12:40 AM
Ngong Sheun Chau is known as both Ngong Sheun Chau and Stonecutter's Island.
I suppose they are going in line with the pro chinese theme of just about everything in HK these days.
Just like Ap Lei Chau was called Aberdeen Island...
I guess it's also due to local popular usage?
velut arbor aevo
October 17th, 2007, 04:05 AM
A new use for the bridge tower.
From HKADB by Superjet:
http://www.hkadb.com/forum/files/img_6217_950.jpg
:lol::lol::lol:
EricIsHim
October 18th, 2007, 06:53 PM
Ngong Sheun Chau is known as both Ngong Sheun Chau and Stonecutter's Island.
I suppose they are going in line with the pro chinese theme of just about everything in HK these days.
Just like Ap Lei Chau was called Aberdeen Island...
I guess it's also due to local popular usage?
I lived in Ap Lei Chau for long and have never heard people call it Aberdeen Island. Yes, Ap Lei Chau does get put in Aberdeen area in general but not Aberdeen Island specifically referring to Ap Lei Chau.
kbboy
October 19th, 2007, 12:15 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu0.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/overmenu2.jpghttp://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/en/img/oversubmenu2b.gif
http://www.news.gov.hk/tc/category/infrastructureandlogistics/051014/features/html/051012p062jpg.jpg
A clear side view
http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/major/majorworks/sb/doc/hy200226.pdf
A very detail information for the whole project
This view is just great !!
hkskyline
November 14th, 2007, 06:42 PM
11/14
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/20071114/IMG_0543.jpg
hkskyline
December 11th, 2007, 07:20 PM
12/11
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v81/asiaglobe/hongkong/IMG_2710.jpg
thecarlost
December 14th, 2007, 04:11 PM
This thing goes beyond numbers and letters. Incredible!
hkskyline
January 7th, 2008, 06:32 PM
Nov 07
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_02s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_04s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_02s.jpg
hkskyline
January 12th, 2008, 06:02 PM
昂船洲大橋將展跨海工程
07月 23日 星期一 06:30AM
綜合報道
星島日報
用作連接昂船洲與青衣一段八號幹铫的昂船洲大橋,將於今年下半年展開最為矚目的跨海橋工程,兩年後竣工時將成為全球第二長的斜拉索橋。負責興建大橋的路政署工程師指出,昂船洲大橋主跨達到一千零五十八米,是繼江蘇蘇通大橋之後,成為另一條能突破「千米」界限的斜拉索橋。他期望大橋落成後,能令港人引以為傲的另一地標。
三年多前開始動工的昂船洲大橋,屬連接青衣至沙田 的八號幹铫一部分,兩段的三百米橋塔現時已興建至二百米的高度,預計今年稍後時間能開始興建跨海的橋身部分,按計畫於○九年落成。
一手籌劃大橋興建工作的路政署主要工程管理處高級工程師黃劍波表示,建造跨海橋身部分,是最矚目,難度也最大。他說:「跨海的橋身部分,會是像懸臂伸出去;以預製組件製成的橋身,逐一由躉船吊上半空燒焊連接,再跟拉索連接。當橋身伸出愈遠時,會愈受到風力影響,也是橋最脆弱的時候;直至兩邊的『大臂』合籠時,橋身才會穩定下來。」
全長一點六公里的昂船洲大橋,主跨部分達到一千零五十八米,落成後會成為世界第二長的斜拉索橋;位於江蘇省東部、主跨一千零八十八米的蘇通大橋,則會於明年率先竣工,成為全球最長的斜拉索橋。黃劍波指出,興建斜拉索橋的最大難度,在於當橋身愈長時,近橋塔的橋面所承受的應力亦會相對較多,昔日一直以一千米作為興建極限,目前全球最長的日本 多多羅斜拉索橋,只有八百九十米。
隨覑科技和工程的不斷進步,拉索強度日漸增加,才令橋身的跨道可以愈來愈長,昂船洲大橋的最長一段拉索就達到五百四十米,「蘇通大橋早前亦已『合籠』,說明『不肯定因素』已不存在。」他補充說,過去橋身較長的橋梁,多以青馬大橋 的「吊橋」方式興建;斜拉索橋主要利用拉索「約束」橋身,毋須建造較深的橋躉作支撐,相對較具成本效益。
曾參與長青隧道興建工作的黃劍波,已於路政署工作達十七年。他憶述,於九七年開始接手昂船洲大橋的興建工作,從大橋的走铫規劃,到大橋設計比賽,眼見大橋逐步按計畫落成,是一件賞心樂事。他笑言:「沒有轉部門的其中原因,是由於個人對建造大橋有一份興趣;昂船洲大橋的建造過程前後將會達十二年,如果我的公務員生涯有三十多年,相信會有三分之一的時間是花在『照顧』這條橋之上。」
昂船洲大橋是繼汀九橋 、汲水橋和西部通道後,本港另一條大型斜拉索橋。黃劍波希望,坐落在維港顯注位置的昂船洲大橋,可成為本港另一地標,經常在電視或明信片中「亮相」。
lpioe
January 12th, 2008, 07:04 PM
Nice design and setting.
hkskyline
January 13th, 2008, 06:51 AM
1/12/2008
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/0112/IMG_5783.jpg
Rachmaninov
January 14th, 2008, 06:24 PM
Nov 07
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_02s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/ebs_04s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/et_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wt_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_01s.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/current/wbs_02s.jpg
Thanks for the updates!!! These were amazing!
M.Schwerdtner
April 20th, 2008, 04:37 PM
any updates?
Pax Sinica
April 20th, 2008, 06:23 PM
^^
well, those pics posted by hkskyline are automatically updated by the government. You're now enjoying the pics in March 2008.
gladisimo
April 20th, 2008, 11:46 PM
The deck is finally on!
I was so disappointed last summer, the bridge looked exactly the same throughout the month long stay.
Pax Sinica
May 19th, 2008, 11:43 AM
East Tower (Height: 298m)
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/04/et_01.jpg
Pax Sinica
May 19th, 2008, 11:59 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/04/ebs_03.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/04/wbs_02.jpg
Pax Sinica
May 19th, 2008, 12:01 PM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/04/et_02.jpg
Skybean
June 3rd, 2008, 07:16 AM
May 24, 2008
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3136/2545527878_03052d5f22_o.jpg
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3113/2544702141_d9511560c1_o.jpg
source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mcbain/2545522720/in/set-72157605390779677/
hkskyline
June 15th, 2008, 04:38 AM
http://i199.photobucket.com/albums/aa162/vickycheng/IMG_5223s.jpg
http://i199.photobucket.com/albums/aa162/vickycheng/IMG_5247s.jpg
http://i199.photobucket.com/albums/aa162/vickycheng/IMG_5251.jpg
http://i199.photobucket.com/albums/aa162/vickycheng/IMG_5253s.jpg
http://i199.photobucket.com/albums/aa162/vickycheng/IMG_5261s.jpg
http://i199.photobucket.com/albums/aa162/vickycheng/IMG_5262s.jpg
Author : http://www.vickycheng.org/dc/
Cunning Linguist
June 23rd, 2008, 04:55 AM
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/04/ebs_03.jpg
OH... MY... GOD
This is the new face of HK! Travelling along stonecutters from the airport will be THE most amazing introduction to a city on the planet.
EDIT: Imagine that at night!!! With a complete bridge.
Phobos
July 9th, 2008, 05:00 AM
Definitely my favourite cable-stayed bridge in the world.The two thin towers make the bridge look so elegant.
It will make HK even better!
hkskyline
July 24th, 2008, 07:18 PM
7/20
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/0720/IMG_1768.jpg
Anekdote
July 24th, 2008, 07:32 PM
7/20
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/0720/IMG_1768.jpg
Nice angle, from there it looks like an entrance to Tsuen Wan.
DJZG
July 25th, 2008, 01:47 AM
just a few more meters and they'll meet in middle...
really nice bridge and excellent traffic planning...
question... when will it be finished completely?
Rutger1991
August 5th, 2008, 03:50 PM
Cool pictures of an amazing bridge!!!:cheers:^^
hkskyline
August 25th, 2008, 06:58 PM
8/24
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/0824/IMG_3082.jpg
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/0824/IMG_3111.jpg
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/0824/IMG_3112.jpg
hkskyline
September 8th, 2008, 04:07 PM
Source : http://www.fotop.net/dreamer/
http://images4.fotop.net/albums2/dreamer/09082008/DSC_1432a.jpg
http://images4.fotop.net/albums2/dreamer/09082008/DSC_1418.jpg
http://images4.fotop.net/albums2/dreamer/09082008/DSC_1425.jpg
http://images4.fotop.net/albums2/dreamer/09082008/DSC_1426.jpg
cmjohns6
September 9th, 2008, 05:33 AM
wow this looks so futuristic
foxmulder_ms
September 12th, 2008, 05:04 AM
crazy, together with the port it is one of the best scenes in industrial world.
philipman2000
September 15th, 2008, 04:05 PM
wow thats amazing span half a mile long and the towers are taller than the Eiffel tower talk about the most breath taking bridge in the world and to me its the gate way to the docks
erbsenzaehler
October 10th, 2008, 09:53 PM
Imposing construction. But they could have designed something more innovative, eh.
Anyway, when is this Baby going to be inaugarated for traffic?
Let's spot the Stonecutters Bridge in an aerial view:
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3165/2916003876_4a32181f92_o.jpg
(Found at the international ICC-Thread (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=26199494#post26199494))
EPA001
October 11th, 2008, 07:58 PM
^^ What a nice looking small town in the background!!! :D :D :D
Seriously: a stunning picture of this beautiful bridge under construction in this fantastic city! I knew Hong Kong was terrific, but only after being there I really "fell in love" with the dynamics of the people and the architectural landmarks of this city!
hkskyline
October 27th, 2008, 08:23 AM
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/1025/IMG_3411.jpg
hkskyline
November 3rd, 2008, 04:51 PM
By hemanwong from a Hong Kong photography forum :
http://i59.photobucket.com/albums/g286/kc7911/8051.jpg
hkskyline
November 15th, 2008, 08:05 PM
11/10
http://www.globalphotos.org/hongkong/2008/1110/IMG_3730.jpg
hkskyline
November 23rd, 2008, 05:48 AM
October 2008
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/10/ms_02.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/10/ms_01.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/10/ms_03.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/10/ms_04.jpg
hkskyline
November 23rd, 2008, 04:15 PM
September 2008
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/09/ms_01.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/09/ms_02.jpg
http://www.stonecuttersbridge.net/gallery/SiteImage/2008/09/ms_03.jpg
hkskyline
December 3rd, 2008, 06:41 PM
Source : http://www.fotop.net/photographer/080621
http://images4.fotop.net/albums4/photographer/080621/IMG_8034.jpg
http://images4.fotop.net/albums4/photographer/080621/IMG_7797.jpg
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